Wolf
Spider
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CHARACTERISTICS:
Wolf spiders are members of the spider family Lycosidae. They are
robust and agile hunters with good eyesight. They live mostly
solitary lives and hunt alone. Some are opportunistic wanderer
hunters, pouncing upon prey as they find it or chasing it over short
distances. Others lie in wait for passing prey, often from or near
the mouth of a burrow.
Wolf spiders
carry their egg sacs by attaching them to their spinnerets. Wolf
spiders have two eyes out of eight that are large and prominent.
During the
beginning of fall, the wolf spider is quite often found in the home.
The reason for this is that they are looking for a warm place to live
throughout the course of the winter season.
The wolf
spider would most likely be seen running across the ground, during
the daytime. They search for their prey during both day and night.
They have both excellent vision and touch. However, due to the fact
the wolf spider is known as shy, if its disturbed it will
quickly run away.
The mother
wolf spider will usually carry around her egg sacs with them, which
can tend to be on the large side. After they hatch, the newborn
spiders will actually ride around on their mothers back until
they are about halfway grown.
Wolf
Spider Bite
Even though
the wolf spider is poisonous, its venom is not lethal. The wolf
spider is not known to be aggressive; however, they will bite if they
feel like they are in harm or danger. They also move extremely fast
when they are disturbed. If bitten by a wolf spider, the wound should
not be bandaged but an ice pack should be placed on the bite so that
the swelling will go down. And if necessary the victim should avoid
any movement if at all possible. It is extremely important that one
sees medical attention if bitten by a wolf spider or any other spider.
WOLF
SPIDER VIDEOS
(VIEWER
DISCRESSION IS ADVISED. GRAPHIC)
Brown
Recluse / Violin Spider
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Violin Spiders - more commonly known as the Brown Recluse Spider
inhabit furniture and folded clothing. Identifying features of the
Brown Recluse Spider include a brown-to-gray abdomen, yellow or
orange coloring present on the legs, and an orange-to-yellow
cephalothorax with what seems like a violin-like pattern.
Since the
violin pattern is NOT EXCLUSIVE TO THE BROWN RECLUSE, and other
spiders may have similar markings (such as cellar spiders and pirate
spiders), for purposes of identification it is imperative to examine
the eyes. Differing from most spiders, which have eight eyes, recluse
spiders have six eyes arranged in pairs (dyads) with one median pair
and two lateral pairs. Only a few other spiders have three pairs of
eyes arranged in this way (e.g., scytodids), and recluses can be
distinguished from these as there are no coloration patterns on the
abdomen or legs, which lack spines.
The abdomen is
covered with bushy short hairs. The leg joints may appear to be a
slightly lighter color.
ADULT SIZE
(Length): 7mm to 10mm (0.28in to 0.39in)
IDENTIFYING
COLORS: orange, yellow, brown, gray
Brown
Recluse Bite
Their venom is
poisonous to humans. They tend to strike when disturbed or threatened
by humans. The wound will develop a crusty-like look and feel,
surrounded by patches of redness and irritation. Though this crust
eventually falls off, it leaves behind would could be considered a
deep crater-like shape which may not heal for a period of months.
Needless to say, if you even think you suffered a bite from a Brown
Recluse, seek medical attention immediately. A majority of brown
recluse bites ocur when people are asleep and the spider is hunting
in or close to a persons bed. Another common recluse bite happens
when a brown recluse is hiding is clothes that are then put on with
an un knowing spider in it.
Brown
Recluse Bite Misdiagnoses
It is
estimated that 80% of reported brown recluse bites may be
misdiagnosed. The misdiagnosis of a wound as a brown recluse bite
could delay proper treatment of serious diseases. There is now an
ELISA-based test for brown recluse venom that can determine if a
wound is a brown recluse bite, although it is not commercially
available and not in routine use.
Reported cases
of brown recluse bites occur primarily in Arkansas, Texas, Kansas,
Missouri, Colorado, Nebraska and Oklahoma.
BROWN
RECLUSE VIDEOS
(VIEWER
DISCRESSION IS ADVISED. GRAPHIC)
The
Missouri Tarantula
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Tarantula's in
the Midwest (Missouri) -
Found mostly
in southern Missouri.
CHARACTERISTICS:
This hairy species is Missouri's largest spider. Female tarantulas
average approximately 50mm in length, the males 40mm. Body and legs
are uniformly dark chocolate-brown, with reddish hairs on the carapace.
The
tarantula's large size and shaggy appearance is frightening to many
people, leading them to believe it has a ferocious nature. It
actually is a shy creature, quick to evade humans. Taranthulas are
typically at home in areas seldom frequented by people. They appear
to prefer dry, rocky glades, where they spend their days in
silk-lined burrows in abandoned rodent or reptile tunnels or in other
natural cavities. Like many hunting spiders, tarantulas are active at
night, when they hunt for insects such as crickets. In late summer
and fall, south Missourians often see these large arachnids crossing roads.
MISSOURI
TARANTULA VIDEOS
The
Black Widow
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CHARACTERISTICS: The
mature female is around 1.5 in (38 mm) long and 0.25 in (6.4 mm) in
diameter[4]. She is shiny and black in color, with a red marking in
the shape of an hourglass on the ventral (under) side of her very
rounded abdomen[5]. There is much variation in female size,
particularly in egg-carrying (gravid) females. The abdomen of a
gravid female can be more than 0.5 in (~1.25 cm) in diameter. Many
female widows also have an orange or red patch just above the
spinnerets on the top of the abdomen[6].
The male is
either black, or closer to the appearance of the juveniles in color,
and is much smaller with a body of less than 1/4 inch (< 0.75 cm).
The male and
female are seen in this image.
Females are
usually black, and males are usually brown.
Juveniles have
a distinctly different appearance to the adults, the abdomen is
grayish to black with white stripes running across it and is spotted
with yellow and orange
Black
Widow Bite
Although these
spiders are not especially large, their venom is extremely potent.
Compared to many other species of spiders, their chelicerae are not
very large or powerful. In the case of a mature female, the hollow,
needle shaped part of each chelicera, the part that penetrates the
skin, is approximately 1.0 millimeters (about 0.04 in) long, long
enough to inject the venom to a point where it can be harmful. The
males, being much smaller, inject far less venom with smaller
chelicerae. The actual amount injected, even by a mature female, is
very small in physical volume. When this small amount of venom is
diffused throughout the body of a healthy, mature human, it usually
does not amount to a fatal dose (though it can produce the very
unpleasant symptoms of latrodectism). Deaths in healthy adults from
Latrodectus bites are relatively rare in terms of the number of bites
per thousand people. Sixty-three deaths were reported in the United
States between 1950 and 1959. On the other hand, the geographical
range of the widow spiders is very great. As a result, far more
people are exposed, worldwide, to widow bites than to bites of more
dangerous spiders, so the highest number of deaths worldwide are
caused by members of their genus. Widow spiders have more potent
venom than most spiders, and prior to the development of antivenin,
5% of reported bites resulted in fatalities. The venom can cause a
swelling up to 15 cm. Improvements in plumbing have greatly reduced
the incidence of bites and fatalities in areas where outdoor privies
have been replaced by flush toilets.
BLACK
WIDOW SPIDER VIDEOS
Orb
Weaver Spiders
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CHARACTERISTICS:
This spider builds its web between plants in garden beds. It sits in
the center, head down, waiting for prey to ensnare itself in the web.
Females can
deliver a moderately painful bite if guarding eggs and disturbed.
ADULT SIZE
(Length): 4mm to 6mm (0.16in to 0.24in)
IDENTIFYING
COLORS: Virtually any color.
Generally,
orb-weaving spiders are three-clawed builders of flat webs with
sticky spiral capture silk. The building of a web is an engineering
feat, begun when the spider floats a line on the wind to another
surface. The spider secures the line and then drops another line from
the center, making a "Y". The rest of the scaffolding
follows with many radii of non-sticky silk being constructed before a
final spiral of sticky capture silk. The third claw is used to walk
on the non-sticky part of the web. Characteristically, the prey
insect that blunders into the sticky lines is stunned by a quick bite
and then wrapped in silk. If the prey is a venomous insect, such as a
wasp, wrapping may precede biting.
Many
orb-weavers build a new web each day. Generally, towards evening, the
spider will consume the old web, rest for approximately an hour, then
spin a new web in the same general location. Thus, the webs of
orb-weavers are generally free of the accumulation of detritus common
to other species such as black widow spiders.
Some
orb-weavers do not build webs at all. Members of the genera
Mastophora in the Americas, Cladomelea in Africa and Ordgarius in
Australia produce sticky globules, which contain a pheromone analog.
The globule is hung from a silken thread dangled by the spider from
its front legs. The pheromone analog attracts male moths of only a
few species. These get stuck on the globule and are reeled in to be
eaten. Interestingly, both types of bolas spiders are highly
camouflaged and difficult to locate.
The spiny
orb-weaving spiders in the genera Gasteracantha and Micrathena look
like plant seeds or thorns hanging in their orb-webs. Some species of
Gasteracantha have very long horn-like spines protruding from their abdomens.
One feature of
the webs of some orb-weavers is the stabilimentum, a crisscross band
of silk through the center of the web. It is found in a number of
genera, but Argiope, which includes the common garden spider of
Europe as well as the yellow and banded garden spiders of North
America, is a prime example. The band has been hypothesized to be a
lure for prey, a marker to warn birds away from the web and a
camouflage for the spider when it sits in the center of the web.
However, recent research suggests that the stabilimentum actually
decreases the visibility of the silk to insects, thus making it
harder for prey to avoid the web [1]
Most arachnid
webs are vertical and the spiders usually hang with their head
downward. A few webs, such as those of orb-weaver in the genus
Metepiera have the orb hidden within a tangled space of web. Some
Metepiera are semi-social and live in communal webs. In Mexico such
communal webs have been cut out of trees or bushes and used for
living fly paper
Turret
Spider
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EXTERMINATORS
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CHARACTERISTICS:
Native to Northern California, the Turret Spider is part of the
larger family of "Folding Trapdoor Spiders" that live in
self-made burrows dug into the ground. Though other "Trapdoor
Spider" types exist, Folding Trapdoor Spiders actually make use
of a door or entrance for the burrow, making surprise attacks even
more deadly. Turret Spiders, however, do not construct doorways to
their burrows and will choose to leave their burrows open all day long.
The Turret
Spider follows traditional size guidelines found in other species
where the male is sized smaller between 13mm and 16mm and the female
is sized larger at between 16mm and 18mm. Identifying colors of
Turret Spiders have been seen as varying depending on part of the
body, with green and brown to purple brown. The legs might sometimes
take a darker brown appearance. Males are discernibly different in
that their abdomens might feature up to 3 plate-looking coverings
whereas the female has been seen with just a single plate covering
the abdomen.
Turret Spiders
are found outdoors and mostly limited to wooded areas that include
pine tree forests though some make their homes near banks of moving
water sources. Favored dietary intake includes ants though just about
any smaller insect will do.
Turret Spiders
like to forage for food in the nighttime hours and will take to
wandering the grounds after generally substantial rainfalls.
ADULT SIZE
(Length): 13mm to 18mm (0.51in to 0.71in)